Environmental effects on lutein content and relationship of lutein and other seed components in soybean

Lutein is a major carotenoid in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed, and has been shown to be beneficial for eye health in humans. Development of soybeans high in lutein is a goal of some breeding programmes. Little is known about how different growing environments affect lutein content. The objective of this study was to determine the variation of lutein and its relationship to seed protein, oil and individual fatty acids in soybean seed. Fifteen soybean genotypes were planted at four environments. There was no effect of year and planting date on lutein content in soybean seed. However, genotype × year, genotype × planting date and genotype × year × planting date were significant for lutein content. Although each genotype showed similar response across environments, lutein content varied significantly across the four growing environments in 14 of the 15 genotypes evaluated. Lutein content was not correlated with seed protein or oil and palmitic or stearic acid concentrations. However, lutein was positively correlated with oleic acid content and negatively correlated with linoleic and linolenic acids content.     

Grain dormancy in fixed lines of white-grained wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.) grown under controlled environmental conditions

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can be a significant problem, causing deleterious effects on grain quality. However, the adverse impacts of PHS can be reduced by introgressing genes controlling grain dormancy into white-grained bread wheat. Screening for grain dormancy typically involves germination testing of harvest-ripe grain grown in a glasshouse or field. However, the more uniform environmental conditions provided by temperature controlled glasshouses (i.e. controlled environmental conditions—CEC) may provide significant benefits for the assessment of grain dormancy. In this study, the dormancy phenotype of grain grown under CEC incorporating an extended photoperiod, was compared with 2 years of data from field grown material. Four dormant double haploid lines (derived from SW95-50213 and AUS1408) and two locally adapted non-dormant cultivars EGA Gregory and EGA Wills were compared in three replicated experiments grown under CEC (22 ± 3°C and 24 h photoperiod). The germination response of harvest-ripe grain was examined to assess the expression of grain dormancy. Two measures of germination, the predicted time to 50% germination (G ₅₀) and a weighted germination index, both clearly differentiated dormant and non-dormant lines grown under CEC. In addition, levels of grain dormancy were similar to field-grown plants. These results demonstrated that CEC with an extended photoperiod can be used for rapid and reliable characterisation of grain dormancy in fixed lines of bread wheat.     

DNA profiling and genetic diversity of Korean soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> (L.) Merrill) landraces by SSR markers

Approximately 7,000 accessions of Korean soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) landraces, largely composed of three collections, the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute’s soybean (KAS), the Korean Crop Experiment Station’s soybean (KLS) and the Korean Agricultural Development and Technology Center’s soybean (KADTC) collections, have been conserved at the Rural Development Administration (RDA) genebank in Korea. The accessions within collections were classified based on their traditional uses such as sauce soybean (SA), sprouted soybean (SP), soybean for cooking with rice (SCR), and OTHERS. A total of 2,758 accessions of Korean soybean landraces were used to profile and to evaluate genetic structure using six SSR loci. A total of 110 alleles were revealed by at the six SSR loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 9 to 39 in Satt187 and Satt_074, respectively. The number of alleles ranged from 87 in the KADTC collection to 96 in the KLS collection, and from 63 in the SCR group to 95 in the SP group. Nei’s average genetic diversity ranged from 0.68 to 0.70 across three collections, and 0.64 to 0.69 across the usage groups. The average between-group differentiation (G _st) was 0.9 among collections, and 4.1 among the usage groups. The similar average diversity among three collections implies that the genetic background of the three collections was quite similar or that there were a large number of duplicate accessions in three collections. The selection from the four groups classified based upon usage may be a useful way to select accessions for developing a Korean soybean landrace core collection at the RDA genebank. DNA profile information of accessions will provide indications of redundancies or omissions and aid in managing the soybean collection held at the RDA genebank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding programs and could be used to develop a core collection.     

甘蓝自交不亲和基因MLPK与SSP的FISH定位

利用FISH技术, 对自交不亲和基因MLPK与SSP在甘蓝有丝分裂前中期染色体、减数分裂早粗线期染色体以及伸长DNA纤维等3种分辨率水平的靶DNA载体上进行物理定位。结果表明, 在有丝分裂前中期, MLPK探针信号位于一对近中着丝粒同源染色体的短臂中部, 距着丝粒的百分距离约为53.41±3.16;SSP探针信号位于一对具有随体的近端着丝粒同源染色体的长臂端部, 距着丝粒的百分距离约为78.36±4.26。综合3种载体上的FISH结果表明, MLPK与SSP在甘蓝染色体组中可能都只有一个同源序列座位, 具有在单倍体基因组中的单拷贝性。重复FISH杂交表明, MLPK与5S rDNA位于同一对染色体。依据Armstrong的核型分析标准, 初步判断MLPK与SSP分别位于甘蓝的2号和7号染色体, 与S位点不存在连锁关系。另从比较基因组学角度对定位结果进行了讨论。     

施用糖蜜酒精废液对土壤理化性质的影响研究

采用室内培养方法,研究了施用糖蜜酒精废液对土壤理化性质的影响.结果表明,土壤施用糖蜜酒精废液后,土壤的pH和土壤容重都有所下降,土壤有机质、有效氮、速效钾、有效镁的含量随糖蜜酒精废液施用量的增加而明显提高,显示糖蜜酒精废液可以作为液体肥料施用.蔗地施用酒精废液,可以减少酒精废液对环境的污染,从而变废为宝.     

甘蓝型油菜发芽种子耐湿性的主基因+多基因遗传分析

油菜湿害是我国特有的自然灾害,对油菜种子发芽、出苗和幼苗生长造成严重影响,导致单产显著下降。为研究油菜种子发芽耐湿性的遗传规律,本文利用耐湿性遗传差异较大的2个甘蓝型油菜纯系中双9号和GH01的杂交后代衍生的世代家系群体构建油菜耐湿性遗传体系,并以主基因+多基因家系世代联合分析方法对油菜耐湿性的遗传规律进行分析。结果表明,中双9号×GH01组合的耐湿性的遗传受2对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,表现为耐湿对不耐湿完全显性。该组合的第1对主基因加性效应与显性效应相等,为0.0696;第2对主基因的加性效应与显性效应相等,为0.0530。多基因加性效应为0.3275,显性效应为负值([h]= –0.2137)。主基因存在显性效应,该组合的耐湿性存在杂种优势,多基因显性效应为负,多基因显性效应使F₁代耐湿性降低。F₂家系的主基因遗传力为73.57%,表现出较高的遗传力,建议育种工作者对耐湿性在早期选择效率较高。     

4个台湾桤木无性系光合特性研究

本文采用Licor-6400便携式光合作用测定系统,对T31、T52、T53、T59四个无性系光合特性进行研究,结果表明: （1）4个无性系有较中等的 LCP ( 介于37~68μ mol/（m-2?s-1）之间) 和较高的 LSP ( > 800μmol/（m-2?S-1）） , 其中LSP、LCP的大小排序分别为T59>T31>T53>T52,T53>T52>T31>T59。T59、T31强光利用效率及弱光利用效率都较强,与其生长特性相一致;（2）表观量子效率为0.0298~0.0495mol/mol, 与自然条件下一般植物的表观量子效率( 0.03~0.05mol/mol）基本一致;（3）影响台湾桤木无性系净光合速率的主要生理生态因子为Ci,PAR、Tr、Gs的影响次之,PAR对Pn起主要调节作用     

杂交小麦品种绵杂麦168稀植高效栽培技术初探

为解决杂交小麦生产用种量大,种子生产成本高这一难题,加速杂交小麦新品种在生产上的推广应用,特就施氮量与密度对绵杂麦168产量的影响进行了研究。试验采用两因素裂区设计,施氮量为主区,密度为副区,施氮量与密度各5水平。结果表明,施氮量、密度以及施氮量与密度的互作都极显著地影响绵杂麦168的产量。产量随着施氮量的增加而呈增加趋势;产量随着密度的增加也呈增加趋势,但在密度极高的情况下,产量又有所下降。在基础地力中等水平的情况下,在低用种量（密度≤165×104基本苗／hm2）下,在施氮量为150～300kg／hm2情况下,种植绵杂麦168可获得高于6750kg/hm2的产量和高于8000元／hm2的经济效益。     

贵州特有种子植物无子刺梨形态特征研究及分类学订正

通过野外详细的调查观察澄清无子刺梨Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi的形态特征,并对光枝无子刺梨Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi var.leioclada M.T.An,Y.Z.Cheng et M.Zhong进行了归并.     

甘蓝型油菜不同播期与小孢子发育状态荧光染色的研究

研究不同播种时期与小孢子发育状态的关系。在同一时间对不同播期及同一播期的花蕾进行荧光染色镜检,结果表明：不同播种时期,同样大小花蕾的发育状态不尽一致,早播材料处于单核晚期至双核早期的花蕾小,晚播的材料处于单核晚期至双核早期的花蕾稍大。通过建立花蕾模型图可以看出,播期不同,处于单核晚期至双核早期的花蕾长为2.0-4.0mm。在进行小孢子游离培养时,应该根据小孢子实际的发育状态来进行取蕾培养。